This Brief reviews thermal processes in the food industry -
pasteurization, sterilization, UHT processes, and others. It evaluates
the effects on a chemical level and possible failures from a safety
viewpoint, and discusses in how far the effects can be predicted. In
addition, historical preservation techniques - smoking, addition of
natural additives, irradiation, etc. - are compared with current
industrial systems, like fermentation, irradiation, addition of
food-grade chemicals. The Brief critically discusses storage protocols -
cooling, freezing, etc. - and packing systems (modified atmosphere
technology, active and intelligent packaging). Can undesired chemical
effects on the food products be predicted? This Brief elucidates on this
important question. On that basis, new challenges, that currently arise
in the food sector, can be approached.