The American internal war of 1861-65 was not civil. Those fighting for
the Union called it the "War of the Rebellion" while the Confederacy
viewed it as the "War of Yankee Aggression" or the "Second War of
Independence." Armies fought great, sweeping battles over vast distances
and are well recorded - Antietam, Shiloh, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg -
but in the seams of the battlefield another, much less known or
publicized, war raged.
Both the Union and the Confederacy employed small forces of bold and
highly motivated soldiers for special operations behind enemy lines.
Skilled in infiltration - sometimes disguising themselves as rural mail
carriers - these warriors deftly scouted deep into enemy territory,
captured important personnel, disrupted lines of communication and
logistics, and sowed confusion and fear. Often wearing the uniform of
the enemy, they faced execution as spies if captured. Despite these
risks, and in part because of them, these warriors fought and died as
American rangers.