Littlewood-Paley theory extends some of the benefits of orthogonality to
situations where it doesn't make sense by letting certain oscillatory
infinite series of functions be controlled in terms of infinite series
of non-negative functions. Beginning in the 1980s, it was discovered
that this control could be made much sharper. This book offers a gentle,
well-motivated introduction to those discoveries, the methods behind
them, their consequences, and some of their applications.