WALDEN or, Life in the Woods, by noted transcendentalist Henry David
Thoreau, is a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings. The
work is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment,
voyage of spiritual discovery, satire, and manual for self-reliance.
First published in 1854, it details Thoreau's experiences over the
course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near
Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo
Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. The book compresses the time into
a single calendar year and uses passages of four seasons to symbolize
human development.
By immersing himself in nature, Thoreau hoped to gain a more objective
understanding of society through personal introspection. Simple living
and self-sufficiency were Thoreau's other goals, and the whole project
was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, a central theme of the
American Romantic Period. As Thoreau made clear in his book, his cabin
was not in wilderness but at the edge of town, about two miles (3 km)
from his family home.