The social character of psychological phenomena has never been easy to
comprehend. Despite the fact that an intricate set of social relations
forms our most intimate thoughts, feelings, and actions, we believe that
psychology originates inside our body, in genes, hormones, the brain,
and free will. Perhaps this asocial view stems from the alienated nature
of most societies which makes individual activity appear to be estranged
from social relations. One might have thought that the emergence of
scientific psychology would have disclosed the social character of
activity had overlooked. Unfortunately, a century and a which naive
experience half of psychological science has failed to comprehend the
elusive social character of psychological phenomena. Psychological
science has evi- dently been subjugated by the mystifying ideology of
society. This book aims to comprehend the social character of
psychological functioning. I argue that psychological functions are
quintessentially so- cial in nature and that this social character must
be comprehended if psychological knowledge and practice are to advance.
The social nature of psychological phenomena consists in the fact that
they are constructed by individuals in the process of social
interaction, they depend upon properties of social interaction, one of
their primary purposes is facili- tating social interaction, and they
embody the specific character of his- torically bound social relations.
This viewpoint is known as sociohistorical psychology. It was artic-
ulated most profoundly and comprehensively by the Russian psycholo-
gists Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria during, the 1920s and 1930s.