1. Introduction of UBE.- (1) History.- (2) Basic concept.- (3)
Instruments and setting.- 2. Lumbar disc herniation treated by UBE.- (1)
Central and paracentral HNP.- (2) Foraminal and extraforaminal HNP.- (3)
Contralateral approach.- (4) Recurred disc herniation.- 3. Lumbar
stenosis treated by UBE.- (1) Central or lateral recess stenosis.- (2)
Contralateral approach.- (3) Foraminal stenosis.- (4) Far out syndrome.-
4. Lumbar interbody fusion by UBE.- (1) Usual TLIF.- (2) Ex TLIF.- (3)
Fusion extension.- (4) Hybrid fusion surgery.- 5. Cervical and thoracic
lesion by UBE.- (1) cervical posterior foraminotomy.- (2) cervical
laminectomy.- (3) Thoracic discectomy.- (4) Thoracic laminecotmy.