This book presents a formal approach to dealing with agents and agent
systems. The Z specification language is used to establish an accessible
and unified formal account of agent systems and inter-agent
relationships. In particular, the framework provides precise and
unambiguous meanings for common concepts and terms for agent systems,
allows for the description of alternative agent models and
architectures, and serves as a foundation for subsequent development of
increasingly refined agent concepts. The practicability of this approach
is verified by applying the formal framework to three detailed case
studies. The book will appeal equally to researchers, students, and
professionals in industry.