This book focuses on increasing the energy-efficiency of electronic
devices so that portable applications can have a longer stand-alone time
on the same battery. The authors explain the energy-efficiency benefits
that ultra-low-voltage circuits provide and provide answers to tackle
the challenges which ultra-low-voltage operation poses. An innovative
design methodology is presented, verified and validated by four
prototypes in advanced CMOS technologies. These prototypes are shown to
achieve high energy-efficiency through their successful functionality at
ultra-low supply voltages.