This book discusses the physicochemical changes (transformations) that
metals deposited on urban road surfaces undergo during dry weather
periods, in order to provide insights into their potential impacts on
stormwater quality. Based on extensive field experiments, and laboratory
and data analyses, it examines transformation characteristics of metals
with respect to the particle size of road dust, antecedent dry days and
land uses. Further, it proposes a new risk-assessment methodology,
improving the original human health-risk indices based on the
transformation characteristics and potential bioavailability of metals
in order to evaluate the risks posed by metals in stormwater. This book
is of interest to researchers and decision-makers developing appropriate
pollution mitigation measures to enhance the quality of stormwater,
targeting the effective reuse of stormwater in urban areas.