Traditional medical practices vary from one country to another, these
being very often dependent on the cultural history of that country or
region. The accumulation of the medical armamentarium of traditional
medicine is strongly influenced by religious-superstitious and
observational elements. This was eventually, mainly after the Classical
Period, tempered by philosophical-rational concepts that opened the way
to scientific-based medicine based on a deeper understanding of the
pathophysiology of disease states. This work reviews the traditional
medical practices of a Central Mediterranean island population whose
geographical position made it an important meeting place for the various
Mediterranean cultures throughout the ages merging and amalgamating
European traditions with cultures derived from the Eastern Mediterranean
lands and the Maghreb region of North Africa.