After the surrender of the French government in May 1940, the British
were concerned that the resources of the French Empire, and particularly
the powerful French fleet, would be put at the disposal of the Germans.
The British, dependent upon their naval power and the resources of the
Empire and Commonwealth to continue the war, sought to neutralize the
threat of the French fleet and saw an opportunity to gobble up certain
French colonies for themselves. Thus, even while Britain was locked in a
deadly struggle with Nazi Germany, she continued the centuries-old
imperial rivalry with her nearest neighbor and recent allies.
The British attack on the French Mediterranean fleet at Mers el Kebir is
well known, but less often remembered are the British operations against
Vichy forces in West Africa, Syria and Madagascar. As the latent threat
of the French fleet was the chief source of British concern, the
conflict was largely a naval one, but there were substantial land
operations in Syria and Madagascar. In Syria and Lebanon, Operation
Exporter pitted 20,000 British, Indian, Australian and Free French
troops against 35,000 Vichy French who fought with much greater skill
and determination than expected. Operation Ironclad, the invasion of
Madagascar, saw three brigades of infantry, supported by light tanks,
make the first large scale British amphibious assault since the
ill-fated Gallipoli landings in WWI.
John D Grainger narrates and analyses all the British operations, by
land, sea and air, against the French up to the Anglo-American Torch
landings in North Africa. He reveals the initial reluctance of the
British forces to really get stuck into their erstwhile allies and the
reverses that resulted from underestimating the will of the Vichy French
to fight. The complicating factor of De Gaulle's Free French is another
major theme. Above all, what emerges is that these are fascinating
campaigns in their own right that have been unduly neglected.
