In revising the Tinbergen Lectures I have expanded and restructured the
material in an attempt to make the book more readable and more
interesting. I have also tried to show more clearly its relevance to
managerial and organizational practice. Some mathematical derivations
have been moved to appendices. Certain sections that may be skipped in a
first reading have been starred. Points that should be of interest to
management include - the nature and necessity of rank (4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 4)
rank assignment by counting up or down (4. 3) defining an organization's
task (6. 2) calculating the required size of an organization (6. 3) -
allocating supervisors in the short run (6. 7) when uniform spans of
control are desirable (6. 8) - how to estimate an organization's
implicit span of control (7) determining the minimal ranks in
supervision (8. 3) - the advantage of flexible department lines (8. 4)
measuring the leanness of an organization (8. 5) the relationship
between average wage and unit labor cost (10. 2) job allocation in the
short run (10. 4) - calculating the cost of supervision for particular
jobs (10. 5) - recognizing economic choices in substituting managers for
operatives or vice versa (11) - determining the optimal size of a
research team (12) VI - setting targets (13. 1) - budgeting under full
information (13. 2) - budgeting under imperfect information (13. 3) -
sources of information loss (14.