This brief highlights nanoparticles used in the diagnosis and treatment
of prominent diseases and toxic conditions. Ecofriendly methods which
are ideal for the synthesis of medicinally valued nanoparticles are
explained and the characteristic features of these particles projected.
The role of these particles in the therapeutic field, and the induced
biological changes in some diseases are discussed. The main focus is on
inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular membrane integrity
alterations. The effect of nanoparticles on these changes produced by
various agents are highlighted using in vitro and in vivo models. The
mechanism of nanoparticles in ameliorating the biological changes is
supported by relevant images and data. Finally, the brief demonstrates
recent developments on the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis or sensing
of some biological materials and biologically hazardous environmental
materials.