The general aim of this book is to provide an elementary exposition of
some basic concepts in terms of which both classical and
non-dassicallogirs may be studied and appraised. Although
quantificational logic is dealt with briefly in the last chapter, the
discussion is chiefly concemed with propo- gjtional cakuli. Still, the
subject, as it stands today, cannot br covered in one book of reasonable
length. Rather than to try to include in the volume as much as possible,
I have put emphasis on some selected topics. Even these could not be
roverrd completely, but for each topic I have attempted to present a
detailed and precise t'Xposition of several basic results including some
which are non-trivial. The roots of some of the central ideas in the
volume go back to J.Luka- siewicz's seminar on mathematicallogi