Humanity's love affair with mathematics and mysticism reached a critical
juncture, legend has it, on the back of a turtle in ancient China. As
Clifford Pickover briefly recounts in this enthralling book, the most
comprehensive in decades on magic squares, Emperor Yu was supposedly
strolling along the Yellow River one day around 2200 B.C. when he
spotted the creature: its shell had a series of dots within squares. To
Yu's amazement, each row of squares contained fifteen dots, as did the
columns and diagonals. When he added any two cells opposite along a line
through the center square, like 2 and 8, he always arrived at 10. The
turtle, unwitting inspirer of the ''Yu'' square, went on to a life of
courtly comfort and fame.
Pickover explains why Chinese emperors, Babylonian astrologer-priests,
prehistoric cave people in France, and ancient Mayans of the Yucatan
were convinced that magic squares--arrays filled with numbers or letters
in certain arrangements--held the secret of the universe. Since the dawn
of civilization, he writes, humans have invoked such patterns to ward
off evil and bring good fortune. Yet who would have guessed that in the
twenty-first century, mathematicians would be studying magic squares so
immense and in so many dimensions that the objects defy ordinary human
contemplation and visualization?
Readers are treated to a colorful history of magic squares and similar
structures, their construction, and classification along with a
remarkable variety of newly discovered objects ranging from ornate
inlaid magic cubes to hypercubes. Illustrated examples occur throughout,
with some patterns from the author's own experiments. The tesseracts,
circles, spheres, and stars that he presents perfectly convey the
age-old devotion of the math-minded to this Zenlike quest. Number
lovers, puzzle aficionados, and math enthusiasts will treasure this rich
and lively encyclopedia of one of the few areas of mathematics where the
contributions of even nonspecialists count.
