Computational mechanics, as a science employed for the numerical model-
ing of processes in nature and engineering, has over the last few
decades developed two strands. The first concerns the putting of more
and more powerful software packages into computational practice, using
increas- ingly high-performance computers with increasingly large
memory. The traditional finite element and finite difference approaches
are still preva- lent. Over the years however, researchers have met with
new problems; their solutions on the basis of traditional methods are at
best difficult and at worst impossible to obtain. Such problems provided
a powerful impetus in the development of the second strand, resulting in
the development of es- sentially new approaches for numerical modeling,
for example meshless methods, "molecular" dynamics, neuron networks. The
current state of the art formed the basis of many papers presented at
the Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Vienna 2002. It is
within the framework of the second strand that this book has been
written.