" The American conflict over slavery reached a turning point in the
early 1840s when three leading abolitionists presented provocative
speeches that, for the first time, addressed the slaves directly rather
than aiming rebukes at white owners. By forthrightly embracing the
slaves as allies and exhorting them to take action, these three
addresses pointed toward a more inclusive and aggressive antislavery
effort.These addresses were particularly frightening to white
slaveholders who were significa