depth overview of the retrovirus family. I have greatly enjoyed and
learned from this experience. Each chapter is an excellent introduction
to the topic covered and provides a good foundation for further work in
the field. Jay A. Levy University of California School of Medicine San
Francisco, California REFERENCES Brown, E. W., Yuhki, N., Packer, C.,
and O'Brien, S. J., 1994, A lion lentivirus related to feline
immunodeficiency virus: Epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects, . Viral.
68:5953-5968. Merza, M., Larsson, E., Steen, M., and Morein, B., 1994,
Association of a retrovirus with a wasting condition in the Swedish
moose, Virology 202:956-961. Contents Chapter 1 The Human
Immunodeficiency Viruses Edward Barker, Susan W Barnett, Leonidas
Stamatatos, and Jay A. Levy I. Introduction
.................................................... 1 TI. Description
of Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A. Virus Structure
.............................................. 2 B. Genetic Organization
and Gene Function ...................... 2 TIL
Transmission.................................................... 7 A.
General Observations ........................................ 7 B. HIV
Transmission by Blood and Blood Products ................ 8 C. HIV
Transmission by Genital Fluids ........................... 10 D. HIV
Transmission by Other Body Fluids ....................... 12 E.
Mother-to-Child Transmission ................................ 12 IV. HIV
Infection of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction
................................................. 13 B. HIV-Cell
Interaction............ ............... .............. 15 C. CD4-Induced
gp120 Conformational Changes .................. 16 D. Soluble
CD4-Induced gp120-gp41 Dissociation..... ............ 16 E. gp120
Proteolytic Cleavage ................................... 17 F.
pH-Independent Membrane Fusion ............................ 19 G.
Transmission of HIV by Cell-to-Cell Fusion.................... 19 H.
Additional Cell Surface Receptors for HIV ..................... 20 I.
The Envelope Region and Cell Tropism ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
. . . .
