These lecture notes contain a guided tour to the Novikov Conjecture and
related conjectures due to Baum-Connes, Borel and Farrell-Jones. They
begin with basics about higher signatures, Whitehead torsion and the
s-Cobordism Theorem. Then an introduction to surgery theory and a
version of the assembly map is presented. Using the solution of the
Novikov conjecture for special groups some applications to the
classification of low dimensional manifolds are given.