The study of the topography and structure of the ocean floor is one of
the most important stages in ascertaining the geological structure and
history of development of the Earth's oceanic crust. This, in its turn,
provides a means for purposeful, scientifically-substantiated
prospecting, exploration and development of the mineral resources of the
ocean. The Atlantic Ocean has been geologically and geophysically
studied to a great extent and many years of investigating its floor have
revealed the laws governing the structure of the major forms of its
submarine relief (e. g., the continental shelf, the continental slope,
the transition zones, the ocean bed, and the Mid-Oceanic Ridge). The
basic features of the Earth's oceanic crust structure, anomalous
geophysical fields, and the thickness and structure of its sedimentary
cover have also been studied. Based on the investigations of the
Atlantic Ocean floor and its surrounding continents, the presently
prevalent concept of new global tectonics has appeared. A great number
of works devoted to the results of geomorphological, geolog- ical, and
geophysical studies of the Atlantic Ocean floor have appeared. In the U.
S. S. R., such summarizing works as The Geomorphology of the Atlantic
Ocean Floor [34], Types of Bottom Sediments of the Atlantic Ocean
[24], The Geology of the Atlantic Ocean [38], and, somewhat earlier,
Geophysical Studies of the Earth's Crust Structure in the Atlantic Ocean
[13], have been published.