This volume documents the economic integration of the European national
economies over the period 1850-1913. The authors concentrate on the
macroeconomic aspects of this integration, focusing on measures of
aggregate output and monetary aggregates as they relate to policy
concerns, such as those surrounding the implementation of the gold
standard, as well as the possible interaction of nominal and real
factors in both growth and cycles. They also date the `European' cycle
and show a close coincidence across nations.