It is now clear that a binary evolutionary pathway is responsible for a
significant fraction of all planetary nebulae, with some authors even
going so far as to claim that binarity may be a near requirement for the
formation of an observable nebula. This has led to the requirement that
textbooks most likely need to be rewritten. Building upon the review of
Jones and Boffin in Nature Astronomy (2017), this Springer Brief takes a
first step in this direction. It offers the first expanded presentation
of all the theoretical and observational support for the importance of
binarity in the formation of planetary nebulae, initially focusing on
common envelope evolution but also covering wider binaries. This book
emphasises the wider impact of the field, highlighting the critical role
binary central stars of planetary nebulae have in understanding a
plethora of astrophysical phenomena, including type Ia supernovae,
chemically peculiar stars and circumbinary exoplanets.