The Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements: Design, Implementation and Evaluation Issues (2005)Hardcover - 2005, 3 June 2005

The Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements: Design, Implementation and Evaluation Issues (2005)
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Part of Series
Environment & Policy
Part of Series
Environment & Policy (Hardcover)
Part of Series
Environment and Policy
Part of Series
Environment and Policy Environment and Policy
Print Length
395 pages
Language
English
Publisher
Springer
Date Published
3 Jun 2005
ISBN-10
1402033559
ISBN-13
9781402033551

Description

EDOARDOCROCI IEFE - Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy Voluntary approaches in environmental policy represent a "third wave" of regulation in the environmental field. "Command and control" was the first wave. Its core is based on uniform emission standards, the respect of which needs to be enforced through extensive monitoring and severe sanctions. The expected cost of sanction for non-compliance, calculated as its amount multiplied for the probability to be caught, must be superior to the benefits of non-compliance, in order to let the sanction be effective. As the benefits of non-compliance can vary among firms, sanctions need to be very high in order to be effective. In fact sanctions are ordinary correlated to environmental damage and not to the benefits of non-compliance. But very high sanctions can be difficult to enforce as they appear unfair and can lead to dramatic consequences on firms and workers, up to shut-downs of plants. Ambient standards reduce these problems, but oblige the regulator to know a huge amount of information, regarding the specific contribution of each polluter to the polluted body. Information is difficult to obtain because of asymmetric information and costly to produce because it requires large and skilled regulating and enforcing organizations. Nevertheless complex regulation is the base of any environmental policy framework, as it allows the policy maker to fully exercise its power of composition of various interests in a relatively transparent way. Economic instruments were the second wave.

Product Details

Book Edition:
2005
Book Format:
Hardcover
Country of Origin:
NL
Date Published:
3 June 2005
Dimensions:
23.39 x 15.6 x 2.39 cm
ISBN-10:
1402033559
ISBN-13:
9781402033551
Language:
English
Location:
Dordrecht
Pages:
395
Publisher:
Springer
Weight:
752.96 gm

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