This is a poem of protest drawn from the life of the gaucho, who was
forced to yield his freedom and individuality to the social and material
changes that invaded his beloved pampas--a protest which arose from
years of abuse and neglect suffered from landowners, militarists, and
the Argentine political establishment.
This poem, composed and first published more than a century ago, could
have been written today by spokesmen for other oppressed groups in other
parts of the world. For this reason, perhaps, the poem has such
universal appeal that it has been translated into nineteen languages,
making it available to more than half of the world's people.
Hernandez's poem was an attempt to alert the government, and
particularly the city dwellers, to the problems faced by the gaucho
minority in adjusting to the new, unfamiliar culture imposed on them by
the Central Government soon after the fall of the dictator Juan Manuel
de Rosas in 1852, under the slogan "Politics of Progress." Moreover, the
poem supplied a historical link to the gauchos' contribution to the
national development of Argentina, for the gaucho had performed a major
role in the country's independence from Spain. They had also fought in
the civil wars of Argentina and had cleared the pampas of marauding
Indian bands that plagued the pastoral development of the region.
According to Hernandes they had been by turns abused, neglected, and
finally dispersed, ultimately losing their identity as a social group.
Those interested in the Martín Fierro as literature, as social protest,
as anthropology, or as an example of the annihilation of a minority
group--and its very identity--have joined in making it the most widely
read, analyzed, and discussed literary work produced in Argentina. Now,
after several hundred editions in Spanish and other languages, Martín
Fierro is recognized as a masterpiece of world literature.
The aim of this English version has been to achieve a line-by-line
rendition faithful to the original in substance and tone, but without
attempting to recreate Hernandez's meter or rhyme. The translators
present it here as a catalyst for enjoyment, provocation, and insight.