The goal of the Daniel Chalonge School on Astrofundamental Physics is to
contribute to a theory of the universe (and particularly of the early
universe) up to the marks, and at the scientific height of, the
unprecedented accuracy, existent and expected, in the observational
data. The impressive development of modern cosmology during the last
decades is to a large extent due to its unification with elementary
particle physics and quantum field theory. The cross-section between
these fields has been increasing setting up Astrofundamental Physics.
The early universe is an exceptional (theoretical and experimental)
laboratory in this new discipline. This NATO Advanced Study Institute
provided an up dated understanding, from a fundamental physics and deep
point of view, of the progress and key issues in the early universe and
the cosmic microwave background: theory and observations. The genuine
interplay with large scale structure formation and dark matter problem
were discussed. The central focus was placed on the cosmic microwave
background. Emphasis was given to the precise inter-relation between
fundamental physics and cosmology in these problems, both at the
theoretical and experimental/observational levels, within a deep and
well defined programme which provided in addition, a careful
interdisciplinarity. Special sessions were devoted to high energy cosmic
rays, neutrinos in astrophysics, and high energy astrophysics. Deep
understanding, clarification, synthesis, careful interdisciplinarity
within a fundamental physics framework, were the main goals of the
course.