Larger STOVL designs were considered, the Armstrong Whitworth AW.681
cargo aircraft was under development when cancelled in 1965. The Dornier
Do 31 got as far as three experimental aircraft before cancellation in
1970. Although mostly a VTOL design, the V-22 Osprey has increased
payload when taking off from a short runway. The Hawker Siddeley
Harrier, colloquially the \\Harrier Jump Jet\\, was developed in the
1960s and was the first generation of the Harrier series of aircraft. It
was the first operational close-support and reconnaissance fighter
aircraft with Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) capabilities
and the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many that arose in
that era. The Harrier was produced directly from the Hawker Siddeley
Kestrel prototypes following the cancellation of a more advanced
supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154. The Royal Air Force
(RAF) ordered the Harrier GR.1 and GR.3 (fig. 84) variants in the late
1960s. It was exported to the United States as the AV-8A, for use by the
US Marine Corps (USMC), in the 1970s. A Zeppelin is a type of rigid
airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the
early 20th century. It was based on designs he had outlined in 1874 and
detailed in 1893. His plans were reviewed by committee in 1894 and
patented in the United States on 14 March 1899. Given the outstanding
success of the Zeppelin design, the term zeppelin in casual use came to
refer to all rigid airships. Zeppelins were operated by the Deutsche
Luftschiffahrts-AG (DELAG). DELAG, the first commercial airline, served
scheduled flights before World War I. After the outbreak of war, the
German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts.
