Operation Dynamo, the successful evacuation of Belgian, British, Dutch,
French and Polish troops from the beaches at Dunkirk between 27 May and
4 June 1940, was not only a pivotal moment of the war, but one that
changed its final outcome.
There has been much debate in the years since the end of the war
concerning the "Hitler Halt" order, which was given to German Panzer
units waiting patiently on the outskirts of Dunkirk to be allowed to
finish the job they had started. Many theories have been put forward as
to the reasons behind this, but the consequence was that it allowed
Britain to remain in the war.
A total of 338,226, British and Allied troops were rescued from the
beaches of Dunkirk, aboard a total of 861 vessels, of which 243 were
sunk. For those left behind, official figures record that up to 80,000
French and British troops were captured, whilst during the time of the
actual evacuation, somewhere in the region of 16,000 French and 1,000
British soldiers were killed.
Equipment wise British forces left behind somewhere in the region of
90,000 rifles, 11,000 machine guns, huge supplies of ammunition, 880
field guns, 310 large calibre artillery pieces, 500 anti-aircraft guns,
850 anti-tank guns, 700 tanks, 45,000 cars and lorries, and 20,000 motor
cycles - enough equipment to arm nearly ten divisions of soldiers.
It is known that two atrocities took place during the Battle of Dunkirk:
the Massacre at Le Paradis, and another at Wormhoudt, carried out by
Waffen- SS soldiers, against British and French troops who had already
surrendered.
Although the Battle of Dunkirk must ultimately go down tactically as a
German victory, the rescue of so many of its men, ensured that like a
phoenix, Britain rose from the ashes of defeat to gain a great and
lasting victory.
