*Winner of the 2020 Will Rogers Medallion Award for Western
Nonfiction* In the 1840s and 50s, the Jicarilla Apache were the terror
of the Santa Fe Trail and the Rio Arriba. They repeatedly clashed with
the cavalry and raided wagon trains, and there was bad blood between the
band and the Army after the Battle of San Pasqual, when they were on
opposite sides during the Mexican American War. In 1854, as traffic was
on the increase along the historic trade route, the Jicarilla soundly
defeated the 1st United States Dragoons in the Battle of Cieneguilla.
Cieneguilla was the worst defeat of the US Army in the West up to that
time, and it was just one of the first major battles between the US Army
and Apache forces during the Ute Wars. According to one version of
events, the 60 dragoons, under the direction of a Lt. Davidson, had
engaged in an unauthorized attack on theJicarilla while they were out on
patrol. Others claimed that the Jicarilla either ambushed the Army or
taunted them into attack. Kit Carson, who was agent for the Jicarilla,
would defend Davidson's actions--and after this fight, he served as a
scout against the Jicarilla. Much like the Sioux defeat of Custer at
Little Big Horn, the Jicarilla's victory over the Army led to
retribution and disaster. The Jicarilla were defeated and faded from
memory before the Civil War. These are the events that brought them to
ruin.
