Following the Nationalist defeat on the mainland in 1949, Chiang
Kai-shek and his followers retreated to Taiwan, forming the Republic of
China (ROC). Tensions with the People's Republic of China (PRC) focused
on control over a number of offshore islands, especially Quemoy (Jinmen)
and Matsu (Mazu). Twice in the 1950s tensions peaked, during the first
(1954-55) and second (1958) Taiwan Strait crises. Today, relations
between the ROC and PRC depend on quelling tensions over the Taiwan
Strait. This work provides a short, but highly relevant, history of the
Taiwan Strait, and its significance today.