Faced with the challenge of solving hard optimization problems that
abound in the real world, classical methods often encounter great
difficulty - even when equipped with a theoretical guarantee of finding
an optimal solution. Vitally important applications in business,
engineering, economics and science cannot be tackled with any reasonable
hope of success, within practical time horizons, by solution methods
that have been the predominant focus of academic research throughout the
past three decades (and which are still the focus of many textbooks).
The impact of technology and the advent of the computer age have
presented us with the need (and opportunity) to solve a range of
problems that could scarcely have been envisioned in the past. Weare
confronted with applications that span the realms of resource planning,
telecommunications, VLSI design, fmancial analysis, scheduling, space
planning, energy distribution, molecular engineering, logistics, pattern
classification, flexible manufacturing, waste management, mineral
exploration, biomedical analysis, environmental conservation and scores
of others.