Optimization problems arising in practice involve random model
parameters. For the computation of robust optimal solutions, i.e.,
optimal solutions being insenistive with respect to random parameter
variations, appropriate deterministic substitute problems are needed.
Based on the probability distribution of the random data, and using
decision theoretical concepts, optimization problems under stochastic
uncertainty are converted into appropriate deterministic substitute
problems. Due to the occurring probabilities and expectations,
approximative solution techniques must be applied. Several deterministic
and stochastic approximation methods are provided: Taylor expansion
methods, regression and response surface methods (RSM), probability
inequalities, multiple linearization of survival/failure domains,
discretization methods, convex approximation/deterministic descent
directions/efficient points, stochastic approximation and gradient
procedures, differentiation formulas for probabilities and expectations.