In her latest book Linda Nilson puts forward an innovative but practical
and tested approach to grading that can demonstrably raise academic
standards, motivate students, tie their achievement of learning outcomes
to their course grades, save faculty time and stress, and provide the
reliable gauge of student learning that the public and employers are
looking for.
She argues that the grading system most commonly in use now is unwieldy,
imprecise and unnecessarily complex, involving too many rating levels
for too many individual assignments and tests, and based on a
hairsplitting point structure that obscures the underlying criteria and
encourages students to challenge their grades.
This new specifications grading paradigm restructures assessments to
streamline the grading process and greatly reduce grading time, empower
students to choose the level of attainment they want to achieve, reduce
antagonism between the evaluator and the evaluated, and increase student
receptivity to meaningful feedback, thus facilitating the learning
process - all while upholding rigor. In addition, specs grading
increases students' motivation to do well by making expectations clear,
lowering their stress and giving them agency in determining their course
goals.
Among the unique characteristics of the schema, all of which simplify
faculty decision making, are the elimination of partial credit, the
reliance on a one-level grading rubric and the "bundling" of assignments
and tests around learning outcomes. Successfully completing more
challenging bundles (or modules) earns a student a higher course grade.
Specs grading works equally well in small and large class settings and
encourages "authentic assessment." Used consistently over time, it can
restore credibility to grades by demonstrating and making transparent to
all stakeholders the learning outcomes that students achieve.
This book features many examples of courses that faculty have adapted to
spec grading and lays out the surprisingly simple transition process. It
is intended for all members of higher education who teach, whatever the
discipline and regardless of rank, as well as those who oversee, train,
and advise those who teach.
Specification grading promotes the following values and outcomes. It:
1. Upholds High Academic Standards
2. Reflects Student Attainment of Skills and Knowledge
3. Motivates Students to Learn and to Excel
4. Fosters Higher-Order Cognitive Development and Creativity
5. Discourages Cheating
6. Reduces Student Stress
7. Makes Students Feel Responsible for Their Grades
8. Minimizes Conflict Between Faculty and Students
9. Saves Faculty Time and Is Simple to Administer
10. Makes Expectations Clear and Simplifies Feedback for Improvement
11. Assesses Authentically
12. Achieves High Inter-Rater Agreement
