Commercially successful fully synthetic polymeric materials were pro-
duced in the early years of this century, the first example being
Bakelite. This was made from phenol and formaldehyde by Leo Bakeland in
1909. Before the end of the 1920s, a large number of other synthetic
polymers had been created, including polyvinyl chloride and
urea-formaldehyde. Today, there are literally hundreds of synthetic
polymers commercially available with ranges of properties making them
suitable for applications in many industrial sectors, including the
electrical and electronics industries. In many instances the driving
force behind the development of new materials actually came from the
electronics industry, and today's advanced electronics would be
inconceivable without these materials. For many years polymers have been
widely used in all sectors of the electronics industry. From the early
days of the semiconductor industry to the current state of the art,
polymers have provided the enabling technologies that have fuelled the
inexorable and rapid development of advanced electronic and
optoelectronic devices.