Gluecklich, die wissen, dass hinter allen Sprachen das Unsaegliche
steht. Those are happy who know that behind all languages there is
something unsaid Rainer Maria Rilke This book shows in a new way that a
solution to a fundamental problem from one scienti?c ?eld can help to
?nd the solutions to important problems emerged in several other ?elds
of science and technology. In modern science, the term "Natural
Language" denotes the collection of all such languages that every
language is used as a primary means of communication by people belonging
to any country or any region. So Natural Language (NL) includes, in
particular, the English, Russian, and German languages. The applied
computer systems processing natural language printed or written texts
(NL-texts) or oral speech with respect to the fact that the words are
associated with some meanings are called semantics-oriented natural
language processing s- tems (NLPSs). On one hand, this book is a
snapshot of the current stage of a research p- gram started many years
ago and called Integral Formal Semantics (IFS) of NL. The goal of this
program has been to develop the formal models and methods he- ing to
overcome the dif?culties of logical character associated with the
engineering of semantics-oriented NLPSs. The designers of such systems
of arbitrary kinds will ?nd in this book the formal means and algorithms
being of great help in their work.