The true appreciation of the Second Vaticanum requires an analysis of
the action of various forces, distinguishing between inner forces (the
Pope, the Roman Curia, the legislative assembly, the assembly of
bishops, the Officials of the Church Council, informal groups, Council
theologians etc.), and externat forces (political powers, means of
communication etc.). The important event in the Second Vaticanum in
Autumn 1962 was the fact that bishops from all parts of the world very
quickly became conscious of their unity and fellow feeling. Thus it was
made possible that the issue of the First Vaticanum dealing with the
supremacy of the Pope was supple- mented at the Second Vaticanum by the
theology of the Church and the Episcopate. Starting from the basis of
self-understanding the Council strove towards an understanding of the
Church in the modern world. The Council declared that the Church does
not play the part of a mere ob server outside the world. Neither does
the Church carry on a mere dialogue with the world. No, the Church is
present within the world, though she is not of this world. As to the
relation of the Church with the world, the Council showed four
perspectives: 1. As modern mankind is getting more and more conscious of
its own solidarity, its strive for a unity in the religious sphere is
obvious.