1 Scientific Scholarly Communication: Moving Forward Through Open
Discussions1.1 Introduction1.2 Open and Unrestricted Access to
Scientific Information 1.2.1 Concerns with Openly Sharing Sensitive
Scientific Information 1.3 Sharing Scientific Data1.3.1 Privacy and
Genetic Data Sharing1.4 Intellectual Property Rights and Scientific
Scholarly Communication1.4.1 Impact of IPR on Sharing Data1.5 Measuring
the Impact of Scientific Research1.6 Concluding Remarks1.7 References
2 Access to Scientific Knowledge: A Historical Perspective2.1
Introduction2.2 Scientific Scholarly Information Sharing: 1600 -19002.3
Scholarly Communication Developments in the 20th and the 21st
Centuries2.4 Journal Subscription Debates2.5 Concluding Remarks2.6
References
3 On the Road to Unrestricted Access to Scientific Information: The Open
Access Movement3.1 Introduction3.2 Open Access to Scholarly
Publications: Legislative and Other Supporting Initiatives3.3
Initiatives by Scholars, Research Funders, and Other 'Movers'3.4
Measuring the Impact of OA Journals3.5 OA Influence in the Developing
World3.6 OA Publishing Models 3.6.1 Green OA Model3.6.2 Gold OA
Model3.6.3 Other OA Models3.7 Maintaining the Quality and Integrity of
OA Journals3.8 Concluding Remarks3.9 References
4 Sharing Scientific Data: Moving Towards "Open Data?"4.1
Introduction4.2 Policy Initiatives Supporting Data Sharing4.3
Involvement of Funding Organizations and Journal Publishers4.4 Data
Sharing Habits of Scientists4.5 Data Sharing in Different Scientific
Disciplines4.5.1 Sharing Ecological Data4.5.2 Sharing Genomic Data4.6
Data Publication and Data Citation4.7 Moving Towards "Open Data"4.8
Concluding Remarks4.9 References
5 Free Flow of Scientific Information vs. Intellectual Property
Rights5.1 Introduction5.2 University-Industry Collaborations or
Commercialization of Academic Research?5.2.1 Patenting and Licensing
Academic Scientific Discoveries - Government Legislations5.2.2 IPR and
Academic Research - The Debate5.2.3 Negative Effects of Patenting
Scientific Research5.2.4 Patent Documents as Source of Scientific
Information5.2.5 Delay in Disclosure of Research Findings5.3 IPR in Life
Sciences5.3.1 IPR and Biomedical Research5.3.2 IPR and Biotechnological
Advances in Agriculture5.4 Concluding Remarks5.5 References
6 Preserving the Quality of Scientific Research: Peer Review of Research
Articles6.1 Introduction6.2 History of Peer Review6.3 Criticism of the
Peer Review6.4 Bias in Peer Review6.4.1 Prestige or Association
Bias6.4.2 Gender Bias6.4.3 Confirmation Bias6.4.4 Conservatism6.4.5 Bias
against Interdisciplinary Research6.4.6 Publication Bias6.5 Peer Review
and Conflict of Interest6.6 Different Models of Peer Review6.6.1 Closed
Peer Review: Single- vs. Double-Blind6.6.2 Open Peer Review6.6.3
"Non-Selective" Review6.6.4 Immediate Publication With No Formal
Review6.7 Manipulation of the Peer Review Process6.8 Should the Current
System of Peer Review Be Continued?6.9 The Peer Review System is Under
Stress6.10 Burden on Peer Reviewers6.11 Ways to Improve the Peer Review
System6
