L'integration de l'Asie centrale dans le monde musulman est ici analysee
a travers le sort de ses elites nobiliaires et militaires, aussi bien
iraniennes que turques, au VIIIe et au IXe siecle. Celles-ci parviennent
au pouvoir en Iraq avec les califes Ma'mun et Mu'tasim. Elles
transposent a Bagdad et Samarra leurs hierarchies centre-asiatiques et
les elites abbassides sont pendant un demi-siecle sous leur influence.
Mais la desagregation lente du systeme militaire organise autour d'elles
a Samarra conduit aux troubles des annees 860. Le systeme mamelouk nait
apres 870 de sa mutation afin de mieux maitriser les gardes turcs. The
integration of Central Asia into the Islamic empire during the VIIIth
and IXth c. is here analyzed through the history of its nobility and
military elites. With the caliphs Ma'mun and Mu'tasim, these nobles and
soldiers, both Iranian and Turkish, took part in the government of the
Muslim Empire in Iraq. They brought to Baghdad and Samarra their Central
Asian hierarchies and the Abbasid elites were under their influences for
half a century. But the slow decay of this Central Asian military system
in Samarra gave way to the political disorders of the 860's. The mamluk
system was then created in the 870's to better manage the Turkish
cavalrymen.