This is the first book bringing together the Soviet Union and Russia's
exploration of the planets. The book assesses the scientific haul of
data from the Venus and Mars missions and looks at the engineering
approaches. The USSR developed several generations of planetary probes:
from MV and Zond to the Phobos type. The engineering techniques used and
the science packages are examined, as well as the nature of the
difficulties encountered which ruined several missions. The programme's
scientific and engineering legacy is also addressed, as well as its role
within the Soviet space programme as a whole. The book is illustrated
with the photographs taken by Soviet Venus and Mars probes, pictures of
the spacecraft, diagrams of the flight paths, and landing techniques and
maps of the landing sites.