This book is a translation ofthe accomplishment ofthe French engineer
Ammar Attoui, who has set out to bring together the works of computer
scientists and automotive engineers. Computer scientists have worked on
the same type of systems as automotive engineers, but have used
different designs, methods and tools. The former call the resultant
systems "real-time systems", and the latter call them "discontinuous
event systems". Today, telecommunications systems of increasing
performance, and increasingly powerful multi-task operating and real-
time systems offer the possibilities of the development of distributed
structure applications organized in a group ofasynchronous entities
which communicate by the exchange of messages and events. Hence,
combining the cultures ofcomputer science and automotive engineering is
essential to gain the benefits of unifying their techniques and methods
in order to realize this potential. The absence of the global state in
distributed systems, which is a result of the absence of a shared memory
and unique repository, makes communication via messaging the sole means
which can be used under any circumstances. Agents are conceptual
communicating entities. The book presents the methods and tech- niques
which are necessary for the concrete implementation ofthe idea ofan
agent as an autonomous and reactive computing entity. Multi-agent
systems are com- posed ofa set ofspecialized entities communicating on
behalfofa global applica- tion.