This book documents my return to a topic that has always been one of my
closest interests: the systematic study of intellectual and political
history. I became involved in historical studies while in high school
and continued this work during the years that I spent as a metalworker
in a shipyard and in a factory. Indeed, I succeeded in being admitted to
the University of Hamburg only after submitting a comparative analysis
of the history of early Greek and early Western philosophy to the late
Professor G. Ralfs. He gave me much encouragement and remained one of my
main academic sponsors during the years in Hamburg. Recently, I
translated into English the manuscript that had opened the doors of the
university for me, and ex- tended it to the history of psychology. The
results present the unfolding of an intellectual theme as if it were an
historical dialogue. They (chaps. 10 and 11) are, perhaps, controversial
achievements, but they are among my proudest. Before I began my studies
in psychology and philosophy, I spent al- most two years in physics and
mathematics. Subsequently, I began to approach psychology with a
natural-science emphasis. Even when I began to shift my attention from
general experimental to developmental psychol- ogy (especially
gerontology), I continued to maintain this orientation and deemphasized
my historical interest. This interest did not find any reso- nance in
the developmental research and theory of these years anyhow.