Project Report from the year 2002 in the subject Agrarian Studies,
National Research Center - Agricultral and Biological Research Devision
(-), language: English, abstract: High planting density is considered
one of the modern management systems in new fruit orchards. Pruning and
population adjustment are some of the main way to approach high
productivity and good fruit quality under the modern management systems.
Pruning is defined as the management of plant structure and fruiting
wood and it is considered one of the main factors affecting fruit trees
production. There are many objectives for pruning i.e. controlling the
direction of growth, developing a strong framework, controlling the
amount of growth, improved productiveness, improving quality product,
utilizing space efficiently and increasing the usefulness of plant.
There are three main systems of fruit trees training (i) Central leader
system, (ii) Modified leader system, (iii) Open center or vase system.
Also there are several kinds of pruning i.e. heading back and thinning
out, fine and coarse pruning and root pruning. However, it is important
to select the suitable training system and kind of pruning according to
the target of the pruning to reach optimum vegetative growth and maximum
yield with high fruit quality. On the other hand, population adjustment
(plant distribution or planting density) is very important factor
affecting fruit trees production. We can reach the optimum usefulness of
the planted area by using best population adjustment of trees in the
plantation. Trees can be planted using different systems: - triangle,
rectangle, square system.....etc. On the other side, presence of
pollinator trees through the orchard is very important for many fruit
trees. Pollinator can be planted either in (1) Complete along rows, as
one row of pollinator per two or four rows of the main cultivar. (2) The
second tree in the second row. (3) The third tree in the third row. (4)
Across rows through the o
