A century has already passed since FRIEDRICH MIESCHER, working at
Strasbourg and Basel, began his study of protamine, one of the basic
nuclear proteins of cells. It was first established by KOSSEL that
protamine represents the simplest known protein. In the conviction that
research into the nature of protamine would shed light on that of other
typical proteins, a group of researchers in Germany followed MIESCHER
and laid the foundations of protein chemistry. A general view of prot-
amines was thus built up by KOSSEL, working at Strasbourg, Berlin,
Marburg an der Lahn, and Heidelberg, FELIX at Heidelberg, Munich, and
Frankfurt am Main, and WALDSCHMIDT-LEITZ at Prague and Munich. Concepts
and techniques established by these studies have been widely utilized
for research on other typical proteins. The revolutionary advances in
chemical and physical techniques after W orId War II extended the sphere
of research to Tokyo in the Far East. Prof. FELIX' visit in 1955 greatly
encouraged our research group in Tokyo. His death in August 1960
constituted a sad loss to protein chemistry and stimulated our group to
assume responsibility for carrying on the studies. In the following
decade we in Tokyo have been able to add a new development to the
results on the chemical structure of protamines accumulated by the
Eurqpean researchers over a period of about fifty years.