In November 2014, tense negotiations over the status of Iran's nuclear
program resulted in a 7-month extension of a compliance deadline. In
June 2015, negotiators will once again be grappling with the same
intractable issues, where neither Iran nor the United States and its
allies appear able to make the substantive concessions that would be
necessary for a permanent agreement. This monograph, completed ahead of
the November 2014 deadline, examines some of the underlying factors
which will be constant in dealing with Iran under President Hassan
Rouhani, and which will help determine the success or failure of talks
in 2015. It surveys Rouhani's eventful first year in office in order to
provide pointers to what may be possible-and to some key limiting
factors-for Iran under his leadership. During that time, Rouhani was
forced to balance his own progressive instincts with the instinctual
caution of more conservative elements of the Iranian ruling elite.