The projectors are considered as simple but important type of matrices
and operators. Their basic theory can be found in many books, among
which Hal- mas [177], [178] are of particular significance. The
projectors or projections became an active research area in the last two
decades due to ideas generated from linear algebra, statistics and
various areas of algorithmic mathematics. There has also grown up a
great and increasing number of projection meth- ods for different
purposes. The aim of this book is to give a unified survey on projectors
and projection methods including the most recent results. The words
projector, projection and idempotent are used as synonyms, although the
word projection is more common. We assume that the reader is familiar
with linear algebra and mathemati- cal analysis at a bachelor level. The
first chapter includes supplements from linear algebra and matrix
analysis that are not incorporated in the standard courses. The second
and the last chapter include the theory of projectors. Four chapters are
devoted to projection methods for solving linear and non- linear systems
of algebraic equations and convex optimization problems.