One of the basic tenets of science is that deterministic systems are
completely predictable-given the initial condition and the equations
describing a system, the behavior of the system can be predicted 1 for
all time. The discovery of chaotic systems has eliminated this
viewpoint. Simply put, a chaotic system is a deterministic system that
exhibits random behavior. Though identified as a robust phenomenon only
twenty years ago, chaos has almost certainly been encountered by
scientists and engi- neers many times during the last century only to be
dismissed as physical noise. Chaos is such a wide-spread phenomenon that
it has now been reported in virtually every scientific discipline:
astronomy, biology, biophysics, chemistry, engineering, geology,
mathematics, medicine, meteorology, plasmas, physics, and even the
social sci- ences. It is no coincidence that during the same two decades
in which chaos has grown into an independent field of research,
computers have permeated society. It is, in fact, the wide availability
of inex- pensive computing power that has spurred much of the research
in chaotic dynamics. The reason is simple: the computer can calculate a
solution of a nonlinear system. This is no small feat. Unlike lin- ear
systems, where closed-form solutions can be written in terms of the
system's eigenvalues and eigenvectors, few nonlinear systems and
virtually no chaotic systems possess closed-form solutions.