Water injection is one of the most promising technologies to improve the
engine combustion efficiency, by mitigating knock occurrences and
controlling exhaust gas temperature before turbine. As result, the
engine can operate at stoichiometric conditions over the whole engine
map, even during the more power-demanding RDE cycles. Antonino Vacca
presents a methodology to study and optimize the effect of water
injection for gasoline engines by investigating different engine layouts
and injection strategies through the set-up of a 3D-CFD virtual test
bench. He investigates indirect and direct water injection strategies to
increase the engine knock limit and to reduce exhaust gas temperature
for several operating points.