The political activities of the various nations involve the study and
practice of government and the exercise of authority. Efforts are made
to influence, gain, or wield power at various levels of government,
internally and internationally, rather than in private settings and
associations. Modes of political activity are highly diverse, varying
from dispute resolution and formal elections to the threat or use of
outright coercion or force. The degree to which people can engage in
political activity also varies in different countries: in open
societies, individuals have more freedom to participate in the exercise
of political power than in closed societies, where such power is
restricted to small groups. There has also been pressure for more
democracy at a lower level, particularly in the way that work is
organized. The social conditions for stable democratic government have
been extensively discussed, with level of economic development
apparently the most important single factor.