Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) is remembered amoung probabilitists
today particularly for his "Theorie analytique des probabilites",
published in 1812. The "Essai philosophique dur les probabilites" is his
introduction for the second edition of this work. Here Laplace provided
a popular exposition on his "Theorie". The "Essai", based on a lecture
on probability given by Laplace in 1794, underwent sweeping changes,
almost doubling in size, in the various editions published during
Laplace's lifetime. Translations of various editions in different
languages have apeared over the years. The only English translation of
1902 reads awkwardly today. This is a thorough and modern translation
based on the recent re-issue, with its voluminous notes, of the fifth
edition of 1826, with preface by Rene Thom and postscript by Bernard
Bru. In the second part of the book, the reader is provided with an
extensive commentary by the translator including valuable histographical
and mathematical remarks and various proofs.