This book offers an introduction to the research in several recently
discovered and actively developing mathematical and mathematical physics
areas. It focuses on: 1) Feynman integrals and modular functions, 2)
hyperbolic and Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras, related automorphic forms
and applications to quantum gravity, 3) superconformal indices and
elliptic hypergeometric integrals, related instanton partition
functions, 4) moonshine, its arithmetic aspects, Jacobi forms, elliptic
genus, and string theory, and 5) theory and applications of the elliptic
Painleve equation, and aspects of Painleve equations in quantum field
theories. All the topics covered are related to various partition
functions emerging in different supersymmetric and ordinary quantum
field theories in curved space-times of different (d=2,3, ...,6)
dimensions. Presenting multidisciplinary methods (localization,
Borcherds products, theory of special functions, Cremona maps, etc) for
treating a range of partition functions, the book is intended for
graduate students and young postdocs interested in the interaction
between quantum field theory and mathematics related to automorphic
forms, representation theory, number theory and geometry, and mirror
symmetry.