Polio became one of the iconic diseases of the 20th century because of
its horrific impact on victims and society. Until effective vaccines
were introduced, there was no protection against the infection, which
could break into any home and paralyse or kill a previously healthy
child.
During the early 1950s, polio terrified Americans almost as much as the
threat of nuclear annihilation - partly because the fear of polio was
deliberately exploited by the March of Dimes, headed by polio survivor
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to raise funds to defeat the disease.
Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin became locked in a cut-throat race to
develop rival polio vaccines. Both succeeded, but their rivalry
degenerated into a clash of big egos which held up progress and put
patients at risk.
Worldwide vaccination campaigns have pushed polio to the brink of
extinction. Unfortunately, it still clings on in Afghanistan, Pakistan
and Northern Nigeria, where the greatest obstacle to defeating polio is
anti-Western ideology. Because of conflicts and the migration of
refugees, polio is now spreading to other regions - and raising the
possibility that this is becoming a battle we can never win.